The Beaver Movie Review Paper free essay sample

The general public is often confused about the difference between feeling sad and feeling depressed. The film views the topic of depression outside the boundaries of the typical clinical definition. In this film the character suffering from depression portrays symptoms of mania with an elevated and expansive mood throughout the film. This portrayal misinforms the viewer regarding the characteristics of depression. They are led to believe symptoms of depression are as severe as the symptoms of a person experiencing mania. This misconception could lead the general public into viewing depression more negatively. As a result of the incongruence between the film and the actual manifestations experienced by a person diagnosed with depression, the film perpetuates the negative stigma of depression. Informs Nursing Practice Mood disorders are prevalent among patients in the healthcare field and nurses must be aware of the common symptoms associated with these disorders in order to better care for patients. We will write a custom essay sample on The Beaver Movie Review Paper or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Depression, as defined in Townsend (2009), is â€Å"An alteration in mood that is expressed by feelings of sadness, despair, and pessimism. There is a loss of interest in usual activities and changes in appetite and sleep patterns are common† (p. 520). Although this film does not correctly recognize the true definition of depression, it brings about the reality that mood disorders can be life altering for all parties involved and that treatment should be sought in order to control the symptoms and their manifestations. Oftentimes, these patients are in a state of desperation, and although their disease is not tangible, it is life threatening in some cases. As a nurse, when caring for a patient suffering from depression interventions must be directed towards helping and educating the patient and family about the signs and symptoms of depression. Additionally, patients must be taught coping skills and strategies to address and prevent the onset of depression. The prompt intervention by patient and family will ensure appropriate treatment to avoid further patient decline. Film Portrayal of Depression This film appears to portray depression inaccurately. In this film, Walter is portrayed as a profoundly depressed man on the brink of suicide.

Lead the Work Australian Childcare Company

Question: Discuss about theLead the Workfor Australian Childcare Company. Answer: Introduction The quality learning provided to the children is essential to shape the future of the student in this current time. Goodstart Early Learning is an Australian childcare company that provides the effective start to the childrens learning process (Goodstart.org.au 2016). This non-for-profit organisation operates with the strong determination of establishing the business discipline. The major focus of the company is to consider the learning and development parameter of the children and ensure the quality outcome in their school life. The study will highlight the discussion of effective communication process as well as the performance feedback to the individual and group. The associated legislative and ethical obligations will also be analysed. Finally, it is essential to understand whether the learning needs are met or not. Effective Communication The good communication is depended on the two-way process. The recognition of the proper input and output is measured for determining effective communication with the organisation and the associated volunteers. There are some of the approaches that can be undertaken to establish the proper communication process. These are as follows: Arrangements of team meetings Frequent reviewing and monitoring the feedbacks of the volunteers (org.au 2016). Promoting awareness among the volunteers Maintenance of the close relationship with the supervisor Spending time with the volunteers Specifying the team roles and responsibilities Application of such communication attributes will be beneficial for accomplishing the pre-determined objectives. Performance Feedback to the Individuals and Group Performance feedback is essential to measure the progress of the functionalities undertaken by the organisation. There are several steps associated with the performance feedback of the individuals and groups. These are described further: Plan: It is required developing the effective planning process that includes the information of the behaviour needs to be undertaken during the feedback receiving process. Providing Examples: It is noted that the ague criticism creates anxiety among the associates. Hence, it is needed to provide the tangible examples for receiving feedbacks (Visscher and Coe 2013). Motivation: In order to receive the proper feedback, it is essential to motivate the associates. The maintenance of transparency is beneficial to motivate them and extract feedbacks. Preparing the Timeline: There should be the specific time schedule for the feedback, which is needed to be delivered to everyone. Within this time span, the entire feedbacks will jot down. Following these steps would be beneficial for deriving feedbacks and identifying the area of improvement. Relevant Legislative and Ethical Obligations as well as Monitoring the Compliance The study is focusing on the establishment of effective child care learning system by Goodstart Early Learning. It is noted that performing the relevant operational activities are concerned with several legislative factors. If the operational team fails to manage the legislative rules, it affects the business much significantly. Some of the legislative concerns are thus associated with such purposes. The maintenance of the confidentiality is related to the revelation of the information about the major tasks. The concerned legislatives are as follows: The Privacy Act Amendment 2000 ensures the protection of the necessary information (Etraining.communitydoor.org.au 2016). The Child Protection Act is providing the safety and security for providing proper learning and child care services (Moj.gov.jm 2016). The Workplace Health and Safety Act represents the safety and security of the associated people in that institute. Reviewing these entire legislative concerns, it can be inferred that the institute needs to take such laws into account. The maintenance of the consistency in improving the internal legislative approaches will be much beneficial for accomplishing the objectives. The government policies and regulations may create several obligations to undertake the proper operational actions. However, maintenance all such legislative concerns will be helpful enough in monitoring the compliances. The identification of such concern is necessary for facilitating such essential regulations. Accordingly, it enhances the child care aspects in a significant way. Supporting the Staff Members for Meeting the Learning Needs In order to keep the staffs motivated and driving them towards performing the operational activities, it is necessary to provide them proper supports. While providing supports to the associated, it is necessary to keep focus on following factors: The employer needs to be concerned about the legal obligations for the training purposes of the staffs. While providing the staffs the relevant training, their safety and security is needed to be maintained. The training purposes of the staffs require being associated with proper business plan. Reviewing and monitoring their performance parameter would ensure the exact area of improvement (Business.qld.gov.au 2016). Communication transparency is one of the major factors for supporting the staffs. If the staffs can communicate properly regarding their concerns, it would be beneficial t understand the demands of the operational process. Following the above mentioned factors, the Goodstart Early Learning can fulfil their organisational objectives. Moreover, the purpose of providing the quality child learning and care services would be accomplished accordingly. Conclusion The above study is highlighting the purpose of Goodstart Early Learning and the required considerations that are needed to be undertaken. The performance reviewing and monitoring specify the underlying concerns associated with the operational activities. The recognition of the legislations and regulations is needed to be taken into consideration. Providing the proper support to the associated members would be beneficial in accomplishing the determined goals. References Business.qld.gov.au, 2016. Develop a staff training program | Queensland Government. [online] Business.qld.gov.au. Available at: https://www.business.qld.gov.au/business/employing/staff-development/training-staff/develop-staff-training-program [Accessed 6 Dec. 2016]. Communitydoor.org.au, 2016. Supervise and support volunteers | QCOSS Community Door. [online] Communitydoor.org.au. Available at: https://www.communitydoor.org.au/organisational-resources/volunteer-management/supervise-and-support-volunteers [Accessed 6 Dec. 2016]. Etraining.communitydoor.org.au, 2016. CHCCS402A: Implementing duty of care and ethical behaviour standards. [online] Etraining.communitydoor.org.au. Available at: https://etraining.communitydoor.org.au/mod/page/view.php?id=156 [Accessed 6 Dec. 2016]. Goodstart.org.au, 2016. About us | Goodstart. [online] Goodstart.org.au. Available at: https://www.goodstart.org.au/about-us [Accessed 6 Dec. 2016]. Moj.gov.jm, 2016. [online] Available at: https://moj.gov.jm/sites/default/files/laws/Child%20Care%20and%20Protection%20Act_0.pdf [Accessed 6 Dec. 2016]. Visscher, A.J. and Coe, R., 2013.School improvement through performance feedback(Vol. 10). Routledge.

A Farewell to Arms Summary and Critical Analysis free essay sample

Ernest Hemingway was born on July 21, 1899, in suburban Oak Park, IL, to Dr. Clarence and Grace Hemingway. Ernest was the second of six children to be raised in the quiet suburban town. His father was a physician, and both parents were devout Christians. Hemingway had an aptitude for physical challenge that engaged him through high school, where he both played football and boxed. Because of permanent eye damage contracted from numerous boxing matches, Hemingway was repeatedly rejected from service in World War I.Hemingway also edited his high school newspaper and reported for the Kansas City Star, adding a year to his age after graduating from high school in 1917. After this short stint, Hemingway finally was able to participate in World War I as an ambulance driver for the American Red Cross. He was wounded on July 8, 1918, on the Italian front near Fossalta di Piave. During his convalescence in Milan, he had an affair with a nurse, Agnes von Kurowsky. We will write a custom essay sample on A Farewell to Arms Summary and Critical Analysis or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Hemingway received two decorations from the Italian government, and he joined the Italian infantry.Clarence Hemingway had been suffering from hypertension and diabetes. This painful experience is reflected in the pondering of Robert Jordan in For Whom the Bell Tolls. In addition to personal experiences with war and death, Hemingways extensive travel in pursuit of hunting and other sports provided a great deal of material for his novels. Bullfighting inspired Death in the Afternoon, published in 1932. In 1934, Hemingway went on safari in Africa, which gave him new themes and scenes on which to base The Snows of Kilamanjaro and The Green Hills of Africa, published in 1935. In 1950 he published Across the River and Into the Trees, though it was not received with the usual critical acclaim. In 1952, however, Hemingway proved the comment Papa is finished wrong, in that The Old Man and the Sea won the Pulitzer Prize in 1953. In 1954, he won the Nobel Prize for Literature. On July 2, 1961, he died of self-inflicted gunshot wounds. He was buried in Ketchum. Papa was both a legendary celebrity and a sensitive writer, and his influence, as well as some unseen writings, survived his passing.In 1964, A Moveable Feast was published; in 1969, The Fifth Column and Four Stories of the Spanish Civil War; in 1970, Islands in the Stream; in 1972, The Nick Adams Stories; in 1985, The Dangerous Summer; and in 1986, The Garden of Eden. Hemingways own life and character are as fascinating as in any of his stories. On one level, Papa was a legendary adventurer who enjoyed his flamboyant lifestyle and celebrity status. However, deep inside lived a disciplined author who worked tirelessly in pursuit of literary perfection.Being married before or after doesn’t effect the child physically or delays its birth. Marriage in this sense is the outward form of their love. Marriage in the physical sense before or after the fact means nothing as with Catherine’s early comment of â€Å"I couldn’t be any more married. † Henry and Catherine surely learned that they were in love no matter married or not. Having a ring on the finger doesn’t make the love any stronger it just a psychical representation of their love. Henry ignores the temptations of the outward forms of religion, love, and symbols as he achieves becoming authentic.The conclusion of â€Å"A Farewell To Arms† with all its death is marked by a rebirth. Henry looses his child and his lover. He finally achieves the status of being authentic in the final scene â€Å"It was like saying good-by to a statue. After a while I went out and left the hospital and walked back to the hotel in the rain. † Henry prior to Catherine death was seeking hope. During Catherine’s final hour Henry prayed to God once more only to go unanswered: Please, please, please, dear God, don’t let her die. Dear God, don’t let her die. Please, please, please, don’t let her die.God please don’t make her die. I’ll do anything you say if you don’t let her die. You took the baby but don’t let her die. That was all right but don’t let her die. Please, please, dear God, don’t let her die. He now knows all the things around him are false. Henry now knows the true forms of religion, patriotism, and love are empty forms of hope. He know knows that any hope must only come from within. Henry is now an authentic in that â€Å"He walks quietly back to the hotel in the rain. † and knows that only he can shape his destiny.

Ghost of christmas past Essays

Ghost of christmas past Essays Ghost of christmas past Paper Ghost of christmas past Paper Essay Topic: A Christmas Carol Media Coursework Jess Gascoigne 10s For this media piece of work, we have been asked to compare two versions of Charles Dickens A Christmas Carol; Â  The 1951 version, Alistair Sim film Scrooge, which is more on the Christian theme of Christmas. The Ross Kemp, ITV version, which is multicultural, more modern to this day. The theme of the 1951 version was all around an abstract image of want and ignorance, a metaphorical image. The theme of the 1951 was also around the Christian side towards Christmas, remembering the birth of Christ. Going to church and based around faith, hope and charity. As the film follows the book accurately, there are hardly any differences, so the message from this film was expressed exactly the same as Dickens would have wanted it to, to remember what Christmas is about, and that you cant make an excuse not to celebrate Christmas even if you are poor, lonely or isolated. This is in keeping with the book. The theme of the 2000 edition of a Christmas Carol, is somewhat different from the 1951 version. This version is multicultural, which is more relevant to todays lifestyle. There are direct images of the poor and homeless, which are want and ignorance, working together and helping. Unlike the 1951 version there is less religion/Christianity involved although there is a message, that no matter what religion, its all about spending time with the people you love, helping and no greed. Although the modern version is multicultural, it is still set in London, with a modern, common life scenes a working class London high rise council estate, a deprived area. This is not in keeping with the book as they are both very different. Also, the 1951 version was set in London. In the 1951 version, the characters mostly are in keeping with the book. Scrooge, a middle class man, who went to boarding school, apprenticed as an accountant and financer. Educated with biblical stories, few people went to school. An all white class. The nephew has servants he is a well to do upper middle class. The Cratchits are not that different, however. Tiny Tim is healthier and fuller than expected to be as a boy in his serious condition as his. Bob Cratchits role was too happy and he wasnt wimpy enough towards Scrooge. : He is not as sad as you would expect if his son was ill, although he does have other children to think about, so he would probably be in high spirits for his other children. Alice, Scrooges ex-fianci e was called Bella in the book. Martha, Scrooges older sister looked a little older than first imagined. The purpose from the characterisation from the film, Scrooge, was the recreation of the book, as closely as possible. They did achieve it. In the 2000 version, they have more direct images, they have invented, changed names and people. A homeless pair, brother and sister, are made relevant to modern day (the homeless side). The audience wasnt presented with a twenty-year-old drug addict. This would lose sympathy. But, with a brother and sister who are young and not charitable, they are innocent which adds to the sympathy. The homeless brother and sister stand in for want and ignorance; this is because these terms are not used any more. Want is in need and ignorance is a lack of education. The name has changed from Ebenezer to Eddie, the name Ebenezer is not a widely used name in todays population so to change it to Eddie was more appropriate. Eddie has changed from a respectable accountant to a loan shark. I feel like he has changed from being an accountant because, in our society now accountants are seen to be a boring characters, which is the opposite of Eddie Scrooge. In the 1951 version, Scrooge was a law obiding accountant, although the modern Scrooge breaks the law, being a loan shark. An invention of character, Mrs Marley, the mother of Jacob Marley. Jacob Marley, like the book, is dead, but under different circumstances, a local man shot Jacob Marley to the council estate, another invention of character, Ricky Stiles, the person who shot Jacob Marley. Eddie Scrooges nephew is now a policeman, which is a middle-classed job, not like the nephew of the 1951 version, which had servants. The Cratchits are now working off a debt. Tiny Tim is no longer known as Tiny because this epithet is out of date. Tim is no longer a cripple, no crutches for broken legs. Tim has a disease called Cystic Fibrosis. This means that many of the scenes take place in a hospital, which is a popular setting for modern television dramas. The mother of the Cratchits is a regular working mum. Scrooges ex-fianci e, Alice in the 1951 version, is now called Bella, the same name in the book. Bella works in a hospital, which ties in with Tims illness in hospital. Bella doesnt like him being a loan shark, she doesnt marry him, and she refuses the ring. Bella believes that all Scrooge cares about is money, which at the time is true, because after Bella refuses the ring, Scrooge mentions the price of the ring. Also, a new character was added, Bellas friend, as described, she is a classic busy-body, Julie. She hates Scrooge. The spirits have changed in the modern version; the Ghost of Christmas Past is Eddies Father. A Father of sin and regret. After this journey, we feel sympathy towards Scrooge because we see that his relationship between himself and his father, in his childhood, has scared him for life. This is why Eddie is like he is today. The Ghost of Christmas Present is Jacob Marley, they use this as a humorous joke, Its Christmas, weve had to improvise, double booking. Jacob Marley has changed in character, he is as young as Scrooge and he didnt die of sickness and ill health or old age, as he did in the other film, Marley was shot. As the film proceeded, the audience gradually found out why Jacob was shot. We found that Scrooge had informed a known criminal, Ricky Stiles, that Marley was taking all of his families needs whilst he was in prison. Scrooge explained to Marley that the only reason why he had told Stiles was because Marley was getting greedy, but isnt Scrooge greedy himself or could this be that Scrooge asked for Marley to be shot because of jealousy? The final spirit, the Ghost of Christmas Future was a child. I felt that this spirit was weird because he never said anything. These characters, in my opinion, are very well made, especially because it is a really hard task to make a popular film into a modern day Christmas drama. Ross Kemp has been picked as Eddie. I feel like this character, and who played him was especially good because Ross Kemp is a familiar family viewed figure. He has played parts in many other popular British soaps and dramas. Eddiess dad is also a well-known family viewed actor. The 1951 spirits are again, Past, Present and Future. They are all in my opinion, semi-biblical, in a religious way. The ghosts/spirits show flash backs of the character and, the audience are shown how nasty Scrooge was. In the following of this, we do not share Scrooges emotions; we are enjoying his torture.

The Challenges for Inclusive Education in China Essay

The Challenges for Inclusive Education in China - Essay Example Poor human resource management in the form of teachers lacking necessary qualifications and motivation and absence of required teamwork all contribute to halfhearted attempts at inclusive education. Administrative Challenges Malinen (2013) shows some interesting trends with regard to inclusive education in China. For instance, Malinen (2013, p. 6) reveals that almost 60% of Chinese children with disabilities already study in mainstream schools. However, this optimistic figure is based on a disability assessment system that is based on functional disability such as visual, hearing, language, intellectual, physical and mental disability. On the other hand, the WHO categorizes disabilities along cognition, mobility, self-care, getting along, life activities, and participation domains. Thus, the performance of inclusive education in China appears deceptively positive. Some legal and social challenges include the difficulty of children of economic migrants to large cities getting admitted to schools in the cities. The large classroom sizes, rote learning and an assessment system based on competition rather than teamwork also make it difficult to implement inclusive education. Malinen (2013) also notes that teachers spend little time in planning lessons for inclusive classrooms. The UNESCO (2003) report also reflects similar views such as the inadequacy of the curriculum to meet the diverse learning needs of inclusive classrooms. Inclusive schools are often inaccessible to scattered populations which also pose a strong challenge. Chen (n.a.) also notes the problem of large classrooms for inclusive teaching to take place. The dearth of effective teaching aids further complicates the situation for teachers, who are inadequately trained at times. Poor school management... This paper approves that a conceptual paper on inclusive education by UNESCO validates the findings of Zhu and Wang by identifying some of the same barriers to inclusive education. The report highlights the challenge posed by socio-economic factors such as inadequate educational facilities and inequalities bred into the educational system. Poor human resource management in the form of teachers lacking necessary qualifications and motivation and absence of required teamwork all contribute to halfhearted attempts at inclusive education. This paper makes a conclusion that the main challenges to inclusive education in China are administrative and cultural. School administrations are struggling to equip inclusive schools with well-trained teachers while parents of children with special learning needs need to appreciate the importance of inclusive education. Resources need to be invested in teacher training, curriculum development and making inclusive schools accessible to the target populations. The current curriculum and teaching methodologies are inadequate for meeting the learning needs of students. The Chinese government seems to be making inclusive education a major priority; however, cooperation from local governments is also essential for these efforts to be effective. Moreover, once general consciousness that inclusive education is beneficial for the whole society is raised, the prospects for inclusive education in China are likely to become much brighter.

The recent advancements made in petroleum microbiology Term Paper

The recent advancements made in petroleum microbiology - Term Paper Example Petroleum, in the twenty – first century, remains to be one of the most significant sources of fuel and energy. It is a complex blend or mixture of different types of hydrocarbons and organic compounds. It may sometimes also contain traces of transition metal complexes (called organometallo) like nickel and vanadium (Lerner, 2011). The compositions of petroleum, and thus its physical and chemical properties, vary from place to place, and from area to area. In the current scenario, the demand for petroleum and its by – products continues to rise. In an answer to them, science has come up with the use of microbiology during the extraction and purification of petroleum. The study of this use and application of microorganisms in the fuel industry is called petroleum microbiology (Encyclopedia, 2005). The most important experimental works in the field of petroleum microbiology have been done by Claude ZoBell (Lerner, 2011). His research, which extended for over 40 years (193 0 – 1970), has proved that microorganisms, especially bacteria, play an important role in most of the vital processes related to petroleum, which include its formation, extraction and refining. The hydrocarbons and petroleum products have been termed as ‘substrates’ or ‘nutrients’ for microbes, which they need in order to carry out efficient metabolism. This feeding of bacteria and fungi is aided by the action of certain enzymes and is called, biodegradation (Hamme, 2003). Most of the hydrocarbons are broken down to release carbon dioxide, water, proteins and nucleic acids. The carbon dioxide escapes to the atmosphere while the rest of the products are used for cellular growth. Bacteria and fungi involved in biodegradation are highly specific in function, that is, not all bacteria can break down a specific hydrocarbon or organic compound. Pseudomonas and mycobacterium are examples of some degrading bacteria while examples of fungi include Candida (Va n Hamme, 2003). With the advancement of biotechnology and microbiology, scientists have widened their understanding and developed better concepts of the metabolic processes related to microbial actions on petroleum (Van Hamme, 2003). The effects of the use of the hydrocarbons as substrates by the microorganisms involve alteration of cell surface membranes and mechanisms of both uptake and discharge. Similarly, the ability to study the behaviour of microbial organisms, in a petroleum rich environment at a molecular level has also been enhanced. Under the optimum conditions for the growth of these organisms, they have been treated with hydrocarbons, and transformed to take part in highly accelerated and bioreactor-based petroleum waste degradation processes, that are now being implemented (Atlas, 1995) (Van Hamme, 2003). In the modern world, petroleum microbiology is an important part of bioremediation which involves controlling oil pollution (Bronson, 1993). Bioremediation is the use of microorganisms to get rid of pollutants and harmful substances from the environment. Oil pollution is the result of seeping and spillage of oil from tankers into the sea, as well as intentional or deliberate discharge of oil products into the water sources. The huge spill of crude oil from a tanker near Alaska’s coast back in the 1980s practically showed the scientific world of the usefulness of biodegradation (Bronson, 1993). Scientists observed the actions of the microorganisms present in breaking down the oil and thus, getting rid of it, both on and offshore. Experimental evidences also showed that the microbial actions are affected by factors like temperature and pH. This led to the establishment of a rapidly growing industry which makes uses of microbial remedies to counter water pollution. Modern researches have also proved that waste products produced by one microorganism during biodegradation can be used as a source of food by the others

Bank recession of 2011 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Bank recession of 2011 - Essay Example Particularly marked by decreased bank lending, which creates the recurring loop of a recessive economy. Three main players are involved in this triangular arrangement of the financial system: The government, the banks/financial institutions and the credit consumers. The government with its increased involvement to regulate financial markets formulates policies for the consumers which are mediated through the banks and financial institutions. Thus, the banks are stuck in a paradox of adhering to government policies and maintaining their own liquidity and capital ratios, which in turn effect the end consumers. During the pre-recession period, credit access was particularly easy worldwide, especially among the G 10 countries which were attributed as pioneers of the ongoing economic boom. (Michael, B., Leonardo, G., & Goetz, P. 2011) Increased mortgaging and borrowing backed by higher expectations from the market were rampant, but to the dismay of economic analysts, this bubble was artif icial. And eventually the growth backed by ill securities, bad mortgages and irregular credit ratings suddenly came to a halt with the financial market in doldrums.( Badertscher, B., Burks, J., & Easton, P. 2012) Banks and financial institutions had major investments in the real estate sector, the most effected of these by the financial crisis were those who had had readily converged to commercial construction and land development loans during the boom. (Hays, F., & Ward, S. 2010) Earlier financial crises have demonstrated that a concentration of loans within a single sector is very risky, since the developing sector may turn out to be a fad. It is considered a rule of thumb to diversify the investment portfolio to lower the risk to a minimum. But such was not the case and eventually, with the excess of subprime lending in the real estate economy without much securitization to back it, the banks involved had to bear the brunt of this mammoth of a crisis. Since then bank credit requi rements have increased twofold making it harder to borrow and creating a bottleneck in economic injections. And on the other hand dipping credit ratings are naturally creating skepticism in the average consumer’s mind about the credibility of bank loans, creating a demand lag which is evident in the 2011 loan demand figures. Worldwide government efforts have been aimed towards saving major banks and financial institutions by providing much needed capitalization as a measure to increase liquidity. But smaller community banks have had a tough time surviving without much government assistance, and a plethora of risky real estate mortgage loans with an unfavorable market to profit from. Since larger banking corporations are more inclined towards heavier accounts and portfolios, the role of an intermediary played by relatively smaller banks for consumer loans remains vacant. This becomes evident in the form of the supply lag for loans that has been a feature of the banking crisis. The major clients for bank loans are corporate clients which require substantial amounts of capital. This is an area where international banking is prevalent, with loan syndication seen as a common practice among international financial institutions. (Ralph, H., & Neeltje, H. 2011) This may perhaps also be the reason why the recession in the